TableĀ 1

Demographic and clinical features of women with DVT in early pregnancy (n = 8).

No

Age (years)

Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m^2)

Gravida/Parity

Past medical history & complications

Comorbidities

ART/IVF

Risk factors

Immunoantibodies positive

Gestational weeks with DVT

Chief complaints

1

31

23.30

2/1

Personal DVT history, scarred uterus (after myomectomy)

Uterine fibroids, mild anemia

Yes

Personal DVT history after surgery

No

11

Pain

2

34

18.83

3/2

None

Underweight, mild anemia

No

None

No

7

Elevated D-dimer

3

32

21.45

2/2

Preeclampsia during last pregnancy

APS, thrombocytopenia

No

Preeclampsia history

Yes

10

Swelling, pain

4

30

17.99

2/1

Placental abruption, scarred uterus (after CS)

SLE, secondary APS

No

Placental abruption history

Yes

12

Pain, fever

5

25

16.56

1/1

Bilateral tonsillectomy, right breast fibroma resection

Underweight, mild anemia

No

None

No

10

Swelling, pain

6

37

25.22

3/1

Personal DVT history, scarred uterus (after myomectomy)

Overweight, uterine fibroids (red degeneration)

No

Personal DVT history in the puerperium

/

10

Pain

7

30

21.78

1/1

Long-term use of contraceptives

None

No

Hormone use History, embryo arrest of one of the twins

/

9

Pain

8

27

22.77

1/1

None

Thrombophilia

No

Thrombophilia, family DVT history

No

9

Swelling, pain

No

Location of DVT

Treatment Modality

Mode of delivery

Gestational weeks of delivery (weeks)

Outcomes

Labor complications

Antenatal VTE risk score

Postnatal VTE risk score

1

Left soleus vein

Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH from onset to 6 weeks postpartum

CS

38+3

Full-term live birth

None

5

5

2

Left soleus vein

Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH from onset to 6 weeks postpartum

VD

31

Preterm live births, mild neonatal asphyxia

Postpartum hemorrhage, placenta bipartita, placenta abruption

0

1

3

Left common iliac vein, external iliac vein, common femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, deep femoral vein, great saphenous vein

Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH from onset to 4 days postpartum, IVC filter implantation before CS, warfarin from the first day after implantation to one year postpartum, IVC filter removal at half a month postpartum

CS

37+5

Full-term live birth

None

2

2

4

Left common iliac vein, external iliac vein, superficial femoral vein, deep femoral vein, great saphenous vein, inguinal vein

Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH from onset to 2 weeks postpartum, then oral rivaroxaban to half a year postpartum

Medical abortion

13+3

Miscarriage

None

3

3

5

Left common femoral vein, deep femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, great saphenous vein, popliteal vein, anterior tibial vein, posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein; right common femoral vein, deep femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, great saphenous vein

Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH from onset to 4 months postpartum, IVC filter implantation before CS, IVC filter removal at half and three months postpartum

CS

38

Full-term live birth

Oligohydramnios

1

1

6

Left femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, popliteal vein, peroneal vein

Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH from onset to 1 weeks antepartum, change to therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH due to elevated D-dimer

VD

28+3

Preterm live births, severe neonatal asphyxia, very low birth weight infants

Umbilical cord prolapse, foot presentation

6

7

7

Left common femoral vein, deep femoral and superficial femoral veins, popliteal vein, posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein

Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH from onset to 9 days postpartum, IVC filter implantation at one week before VD, IVC filter removal at one month postpartum, warfarin from 4 days to half a year postpartum

VD

39

Full-term live birth

None

1

1

8

Right peroneal vein

Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH from onset to one month later, change to prophylatic dose with LMWH from negative ultrasound result to one day antepartum, refusal to anticoagulation treatment after labor

CS

39+1

Full-term live birth

None

6

6

  • DVT: deep vein thrombosis; VTE: venous thromboembolism; BMI: Body Mass Index; ART/IVF: assisted reproductive technology/in vitro fertilization; APS: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; IVC: inferior vena cava; CS, cesarean section; VD, vaginal delivery; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin;/, not applicable.