Table 1

PROBAST risk of bias/applicability assessment.

Study

Risk of Bias

Applicability

Overall

Participants

Predictors

Outcome

Analysis

Participants

Predictors

Outcome

Risk of Bias

Applicability

1

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

2

+

+

+

+

+/−

+

+/−

+/−

3

+/−

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

4

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

  • (+) indicate low risk of bias, (±) indicate low/moderate risk of bias, (−) indicate high risk of bias.