Table 1

Summary of inflammatory cytokines expression and main function in the endometrium of PCOS.

Inflammatory cytokines

Trend

Main function

Reference

IL-1β

Involved in the inflammatory response

Amjadi et al., 2022

IL-2

Involved in the inflammatory response

Liu et al., 2022

IL-6

Involved in the inflammatory response

Liu et al., 2022

Induced cytokine production and recruitment of macrophages and megakaryocytes

Piltonen et al., 2013

Inhibited insulin signaling

Oróstica et al., 2020

IL-8

Promoted a proinflammatory response and lineage cell differentiation

Piltonen et al., 2013

IL-11

Involved in the inflammatory response

Amjadi et al., 2022

IL-15

Involved in the inflammatory response

Liu et al., 2022; Amjadi et al., 2022

Impaired uNK cells recruitment

Matteo et al., 2010

IL-18

Involved in the inflammatory response

Long et al., 2017

Impaired uNK cells recruitment

Matteo et al., 2010

CCL2

Induced migration of macrophages

Piltonen et al., 2013

CXCL10

Impaired uNK cells recruitment

Matteo et al., 2010

TNF-α

Involved in the inflammatory response

Hu et al., 2021; Amjadi et al., 2022

IFN-α

Involved in the inflammatory response

Hu et al., 2021

IFN-γ

Involved in the inflammatory response

Hu et al., 2021

TGF-β

Involved in the inflammatory response

Amjadi et al., 2022

  • ↑ up-regulation; ↓ down-regulation.

    IL, interleukin; CCL2, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2; CXCL10, chemokine ligand 10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IFN, interferon γ; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; uNK, uterine natural killer. ↑ up-regulation; ↓ down-regulation.