Variables | Total (n = 8354) | Advanced-age (n = 1855) | Adults (n = 6499) | P-value |
Gestational age | <0.001 | |||
Less than 37 weeks | 1183 (14.2) | 349 (18.8) | 834 (12.8) | |
37–40 weeks | 6050 (72.4) | 1310 (70.6) | 4740 (72.9) | |
40+1–41 weeks | 942 (11.3) | 169 (9.1) | 773 (11.9) | |
More than 41 weeks | 179 (2.1) | 27 (1.5) | 152 (2.3) | |
Parity | <0.001 | |||
Primiparous | 2073 (24.8) | 171 (9.2) | 1902 (29.3) | |
Multiparous (2-5) | 6044 (72.4) | 1541 (83.1) | 4503 (69.3) | |
Grand multiparous (6 parity or more) | 237 (2.8) | 143 (7.7) | 94 (1.4) | |
Gestational Diabetes | <0.001 | |||
No | 7038 (84.2) | 1425 (76.8) | 5613 (86.4) | |
GDM controlled with diet | 774 (9.3) | 223 (12) | 551 (8.6) | |
GDM controlled with medications | 513 (6.1) | 198 (10.7) | 315 (5) | |
Preeclampsia | <0.001 | |||
No | 7803 (93.4) | 1666 (89.8) | 6137 (94.4) | |
Yes | 551 (6.6) | 189 (10.2) | 362 (5.6) | |
Placenta abnormalities (previa/acreta) | 0.038 | |||
No | 8317 (99.6) | 1837 (99) | 6481 (99.7) | |
Yes | 36 (0.4) | 18 (1) | 18 (0.3) | |
Placenta abruption | 0.413 | |||
No | 8086 (96.8) | 1709 (96.5) | 6296 (96.9) | |
Yes | 268 (3.2) | 65 (3.5) | 203 (3.1) | |
Chorioamenionities | 0.979 | |||
No | 8326 (99.7) | 1849 (99.6) | 6477 (99.7) | |
Yes | 28 (0.3) | 6 (0.4) | 22 (0.3) | |
Meconium fluid | 0.001 | |||
No | 7362 (88.1) | 1674 (90.2) | 5688 (87.5) | |
Yes | 992 (11.9) | 181 (9.8) | 811 (12.5) | |
Fetal distress | 0.505 | |||
No | 7660 (91.7) | 1694 (91.3) | 5966 (91.8) | |
Yes | 694 (8.3) | 161 (8.7) | 533 (8.2) | |
Fetal presentation | 0.003 | |||
Cephalic | 7998 (95.7) | 1749 (94.2) | 6249 (96.1) | |
Breech | 318 (3.8) | 93 (5) | 225 (3.5) | |
Transverse | 38 (0.5) | 13 (0.7) | 25 (0.4) | |
Method of delivery | <0.001 | |||
Normal vaginal delivery | 5435 (65.1) | 1032 (55.7) | 4403 (67.7) | |
Vacuumed delivery | 79 (0.9) | 10 (0.5) | 69 (1.1) | |
Cesarean section | 2840 (34) | 813 (43.8) | 2027 (31.2) | |
Grade 3 or 4 of perineal lacerations | 0.774 | |||
No | 8349 (99.9) | 1855 (100) | 6494 (99.9) | |
Yes | 5 (0.1) | 0 | 5 (0.1) | |
Post-partum hemorrhage | <0.001 | |||
No | 8105 (97) | 1718 (92.6) | 6387 (98.3) | |
Yes | 249 (3) | 137 (7.4) | 112 (1.7) | |
Unfavorable maternal outcome | 0.011 | |||
No | 8265 (98.9) | 1827 (98.45) | 6438 (99.1) | |
Intensive care unit admission | 59 (0.78) | 27 (1.5) | 32 (0.87) | |
Death | 3 (0.03) | 1 (0.05) | 2 (0.03) | |
Newborn weight | <0.001 | |||
Low birth weight (Less than 2500 g) | 1128 (13.5) | 312 (16.8) | 816 (12.6) | |
Normal weight (2500–4000 g) | 7046 (84.3) | 1514 (81.6) | 5532 (85.1) | |
Macrosomia (More than 4000 g) | 180 (2.2) | 29 (1.6) | 151 (2.3) | |
Intra uterine growth retardation | 0.171 | |||
No | 8095 (96.9) | 1807 (97.4) | 6288 (96.8) | |
Yes | 259 (3.1) | 48 (2.6) | 211 (3.2) | |
Childbirth injury* | 0.081 | |||
No | 8326 (99.7) | 1842 (99.3) | 6484 (99.7) | |
Yes | 28 (0.3) | 13 (0.7) | 15 (0.3) | |
Shoulder dystocia | 0.169 | |||
No | 8291 (99.2) | 1846 (99.5) | 6445 (99.2) | |
Yes | 63 (0.8) | 9 (0.5) | 54 (0.8) | |
Neonatal congenital malformation | 0.180 | |||
No | 6957 (98.9) | 1829 (98.6) | 8261 (98.9) | |
Yes | 76 (1.1) | 26 (1.4) | 93 (1.1) | |
Need for neonatal resuscitation | 0.081 | |||
No | 7594 (90.9) | 1657 (89.3) | 5937 (91.4) | |
The primary levels of resuscitation | 517 (6.2) | 130 (7) | 387 (6) | |
Advanced levels of resuscitation | 243 (2.9) | 68 (3.7) | 175 (2.6) | |
Neoborn asphyxia | 0.606 | |||
No | 8267 (99) | 1838 (99.1) | 6429 (98.9) | |
Yes | 87 (1) | 17 (0.9) | 70 (1.1) | |
Unfavorable neonatal outcome | <0.001 | |||
No | 6661 (79.7) | 1402 (75.5) | 5259 (80.9) | |
Stillbirth | 91 (1.1) | 33 (1.8) | 58 (0.9) | |
Neonatal intensive care unit admission | 1565 (18.8) | 411 (22.2) | 1154 (17.8) | |
Death | 37 (0.4) | 9 (0.5) | 28 (0.4) |
* Childbirth injury: Clavicle fracture, erb duchenne palsy, Klumpke palsy.